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Construction glossary
Construction Glossary •

Completed Contract

What is a Completed Contract?

A completed contract, in the context of the construction industry, is a concept relating to the financial recognition of a project. In specific accounting terms, it represents a method where all the costs and profit related to the contract are recognized only after the project has been finished and fully executed. This means neither revenues nor expenses are recorded in company books until all the work stipulated in the contract is fully accomplished. This approach contrasts with the percentage-of-completion method, which requires ongoing recognition of revenues and costs as the project advances. The completed contract method is often chosen for projects where outcome and costs are uncertain, essentially to prevent financial discrepancies.

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Other construction terms

AIA Billing

What is AIA® billing?

AIA® billing is a standardized payment application process for construction projects. Developed by the American Institute of Architects (AIA®), it uses specific forms—primarily the G-702® Application and Certificate for Payment and G-703® Continuation Sheet—to document and request progress payments throughout a project. These forms create a uniform system for contractors that shows exactly what work has been completed, what materials have been stored, and what payment is due during each billing period. They also require detailed information about contract values, change orders, and retainage amounts. AIA® has become the industry standard, especially for larger commercial projects and government contracts.

For subcontractors, understanding AIA® billing is essential since most large general contractors (GCs) require these forms or customized versions of them. While AIA® billing can initially seem complex, it provides important benefits like reducing payment disputes, creating clear documentation of work progress, and often resulting in faster payments. Mastering AIA® billing opens doors to working with larger GCs and bidding on more substantial projects. That’s why we created this comprehensive guide, filled with detailed information on completing AIA® billing forms and managing the payment application process.

Siteline simplifies the AIA® billing process by automating form creation and submission. Our system currently maintains 15,000 custom billing forms from more than 10,000 GCs, enabling subcontractors to generate perfect pay apps in minutes for fewer delays and faster, more predictable payments. Schedule a no-obligation demo to see how Siteline can help you streamline AIA® billing and reduce invoice aging by at least 30%.

Top-of-Chain, or High-Tier

What is Top-of-Chain or High-Tier?

Top-of-Chain or High-Tier refers to the superior position in a hierarchical structure within the construction industry, often denoting the entities or individuals who have the utmost authority or control. This could involve top-tier construction companies, project managers, stakeholders, or contractors who handle major decisions and oversee the whole project operations. These high-tier participants are responsible for ensuring the project is executed according to the plan, budget, and timeframe. They manage sub-contractors, labor crews, purchase materials, and communicate with clients. Their decisions have significant influence on the project's success. Being at the top of the chain, they often bear the highest level of risk, but also stand to make the most profit.

Lender

What is a Lender?

A construction lender is a bank or financial institution that provides short-term financing specifically for construction companies, developers, and builders working on construction and development projects. In commercial construction, these lenders control project cash flow by deciding when and how much money gets released throughout a project. Instead of providing all funding upfront, they release funds in phases as work gets completed and milestones are hit, which affects everyone involved in the project—especially subcontractors.

Here's how it works for commercial subcontractors: the lender has to approve each payment before the general contractor gets their money, and only then can the GC pay their subs. This means subcontractors are essentially waiting in line behind both their GC and the lender's approval process, which can stretch out payment timelines well beyond what's written in their contracts.

Construction lenders also require extensive paperwork before releasing funds, including lien waivers from all project participants and current insurance certificates. If any documentation expires or goes missing, it can freeze the entire payment process. This means subcontractors must stay organized with their accounts receivables, match their progress billing to lender draw schedules, and keep track of compliance deadlines for themselves and any lower-tier vendors and suppliers.

Siteline streamlines these A/R workflows by centralizing lien waiver tracking and submission, helping subcontractors prevent costly payment delays caused by missing documentation. Learn more here.

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