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Construction glossary
Construction Glossary •

Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)

What is Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)?

Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) in the construction industry represents the direct costs associated with the production of goods or services that a company sells. These costs may comprise the cost of raw materials such as lumber, steel, concrete; direct labor costs; storage costs, and direct utility costs. It can also include direct expenses like subcontractor costs, labor burden (i.e., benefits, insurance, taxes related to employee wages), material costs, and equipment costs that are directly attributable to a project's completion. COGS does not include indirect expenses such as sales and distribution costs or overhead costs such as office rent and utilities. In essence, COGS in construction is directly tied to specific projects and is a key factor in determining a project's gross profit and thus a company´s profitability.

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Other construction terms

Schedule of Values (SOV)

What is a Schedule of Values (SOV)?

A Schedule of Values (SOV) is a detailed breakdown of a construction contract that itemizes the total contract amount into specific work categories, phases, or deliverables. It shows the dollar value assigned to each component of work that’ll be completed during a construction project. As such, the SOV is a critical component of successful project and cash flow management. It also lays the groundwork for progress billing and payment applications (like AIA® G702/G703® forms).

Here’s how it works: 

  • Contractors create initial SOVs that allocate contract value across work phases.
  • They maintain the SOVs to align with actual work schedules and ensure billing requests match project progress.
  • SOVs get updated when changes occur on the job, altering the original scope and budget.

As you can imagine, managing multiple SOVs across projects while tracking actual costs against line items becomes complex and time-consuming.

Siteline streamlines this entire process by integrating with major construction ERPs and accounting software. Subs import project data from their ERP into Siteline, compile and send pay apps directly in the system (accounting for any change orders), and then rest easy knowing that Siteline automatically syncs approved invoices back to the ERP. 

The result? Faster billing cycles and quicker payments. Want to see how it works? Book some time with us.

Zero-Balance Account

What is a Zero-Balance Account?

A zero-balance account (ZBA) is a financial tool commonly used in construction accounting where the account balance is maintained at or near zero. Funds are transferred to the ZBA as needed to cover expenses or payments, typically from a parent account. Once a transaction has been made from the ZBA, that amount spent is automatically transferred from the parent account, so the ZBA balance returns to zero.

In the complex world of construction projects—where multiple subcontractors are involved—ZBAs allow the general contractor (GC) to closely monitor and manage cash flow for each subcontractor on the project. This system prevents excess funds from sitting idle in numerous accounts—and potentially forgotten as the project progresses. It also provides a clear audit trail for each subcontractor’s expenses, making it easier to track costs against budgets to identify any discrepancies or unusual spending patterns. Additionally, ZBAs can help reduce the risk of fraud or unauthorized spending, as funds are only transferred on an as-needed basis.

ZBAs provide a level of control and visibility that is crucial for maintaining liquidity and profitability—much like Siteline. Siteline allows subcontractors to easily track their inflows and outflows, providing a clear financial picture of each project and the company overall. Interested in learning more? Schedule your personalized Siteline demo here.

Markup

What is Markup?

Markup in the construction industry refers to the percentage increase added to the actual costs of construction projects to determine the selling price. The markup covers overhead expenses, such as administrative costs, and ensures the contractor makes a profit from the project. The percentage can vary greatly based on factors like the complexity of the project, competition in the local market, and the contractor's reputation and experience. Careful consideration is needed when deciding the markup as too high can make a contractor's bid uncompetitive, while too low may not cover all expenses or allow for a reasonable profit margin. A good understanding of the project, accurate cost estimations, and market research are crucial for determining an appropriate markup.

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