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Construction glossary
Construction Glossary •

Costs in Excess of Billings

What is are costs in excess of billings?

Cost in excess of billings (CEB), or underbilling, refers to a cost incurred by a subcontractor for work performed that has yet to be billed to the general contractor at any point in time. This is a somewhat common scenario that can arise when the cost of work expenses (labor, materials, subcontractors, etc.) hit before billings go out.

There are a few factors that can create this timing gap and lead to underbilling. These include:

  • Progressive billing schedules: Many construction projects have billing schedules that are based on predefined milestones or stages of completion. However, costs are being incurred continuously as work progresses. This causes costs to build up ahead of invoices between billing cycles.
  • Upfront and early-stage mobilization: Significant upfront costs go into things like materials, equipment, permitting, and mobilizing job sites before physical work even begins—especially for subcontractors. These costs typically accumulate before clients are billed.
  • Pending change orders: Costs related to change orders often hit weeks or months before details are finalized and approved for billing. Diligently tracking pending change orders is crucial to ensure you ultimately collect on all revenue owed from approved changes.
  • Project delays: In construction, delays are inevitable. If and when delays push out project milestones, billable events can slide further out from when the costs were incurred. These timeline gaps widen the difference between accrued expenses and billings-to-date.

CEB is reflected on financial statements as assets because it represents an unbilled receivable for revenues that will later come. Therefore, regularly monitoring CEB is critical to maintaining healthy business operations as it helps subcontractor accounting teams:

  • Understand true project economics: CEB helps reveal the full profitability picture by linking incurred costs with unbilled receivables, which in turn supports more accurate revenue forecasting and job costing projections.
  • Gain greater cash flow visibility: Because CEB tracking shows how much money is flowing out that’s tied up in work completed but not yet paid for, it helps them better plan and manage their cash for future expenses.
  • Monitor project health: Unexpected CEB spikes could signal problems like cost overruns. Regularly comparing CEB status with the original budget is key to assessing a project’s overall health.
  • Collect revenue in full: No one wants to work for free. Tracking CEB ensures that all pending receivables are ultimately invoiced and collected.
  • Stay compliant: CEB reporting is required for percentage-of-completion revenue recognition, which is an important accounting standard for billing teams to adhere to.

Effective CEB oversight is much simpler with the right tools in place. With Siteline, you can easily track costs in excess of billings on each project to ensure no completed work goes unbilled. Siteline monitors all pending change orders through a project's lifespan, too, helping teams get approval quicker and convert unbilled work into invoiced revenue. If you're interested, schedule a personalized demo of Siteline here.

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Other construction terms

Section 179

What is Section 179?

Section 179 of the Internal Revenue Code is a deduction designed to help certain businesses recover part of the costs associated with the purchase of qualifying equipment, including machinery, vehicles, or computer software. Within the construction industry, this can be a vital tool, allowing construction firms to write off the full purchase price of equipment they have bought or financed during the tax year. Whether it’s for acquiring a new excavator, a truck, or upgrading software, the Section 179 incentive directly strengthens financial capabilities of the companies in the construction sector. This, in turn, encourages business growth and economic development. Claiming this deduction can significantly impact a construction company’s overall operating costs, providing potential major tax relief.

Current Liabilities

What are Current Liabilities?

Current Liabilities are financial obligations or debts that a construction company has to settle within a short-term period, typically within a year. These usually include suppliers' payments for building materials, salaries and wages for construction workers, short-term loans for immediate project needs, interest payments on construction loans and taxes. These might also consist of project-related accrued expenses, or money that the company owes but has not been billed for yet, such as utilities. It's critical for businesses running construction projects to properly manage their Current Liabilities to ensure financial stability and the smooth completion of projects. The ability to meet these short-term financial obligations is a key indicator of the financial health of a construction company.

Bond

What is a Bond?

A bond in the construction industry is a type of surety bond, which serves as a financial guarantee for project completion. It safeguards the interests of stakeholders such as project owners, suppliers, and subcontractors, in the event that the contractor fails to fulfill the contract conditions. Bonds are usually required for public works projects in ensure taxpayers' money is well spent. There are different types of bonds such as bid bonds, performance bonds, payment bonds, and maintenance bonds. For instance, a performance bond guarantees the contract's terms are fulfilled, while a payment bond ensures laborers, suppliers and subcontractors are paid. Bonds are crucial in risk management in construction contracts.

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