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Costs in Excess of Billings
What is are costs in excess of billings?
Cost in excess of billings (CEB), or underbilling, refers to a cost incurred by a subcontractor for work performed that has yet to be billed to the general contractor at any point in time. This is a somewhat common scenario that can arise when the cost of work expenses (labor, materials, subcontractors, etc.) hit before billings go out.
There are a few factors that can create this timing gap and lead to underbilling. These include:
- Progressive billing schedules: Many construction projects have billing schedules that are based on predefined milestones or stages of completion. However, costs are being incurred continuously as work progresses. This causes costs to build up ahead of invoices between billing cycles.
- Upfront and early-stage mobilization: Significant upfront costs go into things like materials, equipment, permitting, and mobilizing job sites before physical work even begins—especially for subcontractors. These costs typically accumulate before clients are billed.
- Pending change orders: Costs related to change orders often hit weeks or months before details are finalized and approved for billing. Diligently tracking pending change orders is crucial to ensure you ultimately collect on all revenue owed from approved changes.
- Project delays: In construction, delays are inevitable. If and when delays push out project milestones, billable events can slide further out from when the costs were incurred. These timeline gaps widen the difference between accrued expenses and billings-to-date.
CEB is reflected on financial statements as assets because it represents an unbilled receivable for revenues that will later come. Therefore, regularly monitoring CEB is critical to maintaining healthy business operations as it helps subcontractor accounting teams:
- Understand true project economics: CEB helps reveal the full profitability picture by linking incurred costs with unbilled receivables, which in turn supports more accurate revenue forecasting and job costing projections.
- Gain greater cash flow visibility: Because CEB tracking shows how much money is flowing out that’s tied up in work completed but not yet paid for, it helps them better plan and manage their cash for future expenses.
- Monitor project health: Unexpected CEB spikes could signal problems like cost overruns. Regularly comparing CEB status with the original budget is key to assessing a project’s overall health.
- Collect revenue in full: No one wants to work for free. Tracking CEB ensures that all pending receivables are ultimately invoiced and collected.
- Stay compliant: CEB reporting is required for percentage-of-completion revenue recognition, which is an important accounting standard for billing teams to adhere to.
Effective CEB oversight is much simpler with the right tools in place. With Siteline, you can easily track costs in excess of billings on each project to ensure no completed work goes unbilled. Siteline monitors all pending change orders through a project's lifespan, too, helping teams get approval quicker and convert unbilled work into invoiced revenue. If you're interested, schedule a personalized demo of Siteline here.
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Other construction terms
What is a Change Order?
A change order is an official amendment to a construction contract that modifies the original scope of work, timeline, or contract price. Unlike simple invoice adjustments, change orders require formal documentation and approval from all project parties before payment can be made. These modifications happen frequently in construction projects as conditions change, unforeseen issues arise, or clients request additional work beyond the original contract specifications.
For subcontractors, proper change order management can make the difference between getting paid for extra work and eating the costs. The challenge goes beyond just documenting changes—it's staying on top of approvals, tracking work that's moving forward without final sign-off, and making sure everything gets billed correctly. Too often, change orders get lost in email chains, verbal requests never get formalized, or approved changes don't make it into the next billing cycle, leaving subcontractors stuck with unbillable work. (For a detailed breakdown of change order processes and best practices, check out our change order guide.)
Siteline eliminates these change order headaches by tracking approval status in real-time, identifying which change orders are proceeding without final sign-off, and automatically incorporating approved changes into your billing schedule. With Siteline, you'll never lose sight of a change order again. Request a personalized demo to see how Siteline can protect your payments.
What are Financial Statements?
Financial Statements, in the context of the construction industry, are formal records that portray the financial activities and conditions of a construction company. They're crucial for presenting a company's financial health to stakeholders and assisting in making strategic decisions. The primary types include balance sheets, income statements, cash flow statements, and equity statements. The balance sheet gives an overview of the company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity. The income statement shows revenue and expenses, revealing the profit or loss over a period. Cash flow statements illustrate how changes in balance sheet and income statement items affect cash and cash equivalents. Equity statement depicts changes in the owner's interest in company during the accounting period. Without these statements, it would be challenging to understand a construction firm's economic status and make informed future financial decisions.
What is a Surety?
A surety in construction is a company that provides financial guarantees, typically in the form of bonds, to ensure that contractors fulfill their contractual obligations. The surety acts as a third-party guarantor, promising to step in and complete the work or compensate for damages if the contractor fails to meet their commitments.
Sureties issue various types of construction bonds, including bid bonds, performance bonds, and payment bonds. These bonds protect project owners from financial loss and give them confidence that contractors can deliver on their promises. To obtain bonding, contractors must demonstrate financial stability, technical expertise, and a track record of successful project completion.
For subcontractors, working with bonded general contractors provides payment protection, but maintaining your own bonding capacity is equally important for winning larger projects. Sureties evaluate contractors based on several factors, including financial health, project experience, and accounts receivable aging. Since poor A/R management can hurt your bonding capacity and disqualify you from major projects, keeping payments flowing quickly becomes critical for more than just cash flow.
Siteline helps subcontractors maintain healthier A/R aging by streamlining billing processes, providing visibility into payment statuses, and creating automated reminders to stay on top of collections. This all positively impact bonding evaluations and keep more opportunities within reach. Learn more about Siteline.
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