What is Labor Burden?

A Working Capital Turnover Ratio is a financial metric used to measure the efficiency with which a firm utilizes its working capital. In the context of the construction industry, this ratio includes both short-term liabilities and short-term assets which are crucial for day-to-day operations. The turnover ratio is calculated by dividing the company's annual revenue by its net working capital. A high ratio is desirable as it indicates that the company is efficiently using its working capital to generate revenue. For a construction company, this means effectively managing resources like materials, labor, and cash flow to maximize profitability and minimize waste. Furthermore, operators in the construction industry face unique challenges such as fluctuating supply costs and irregular project timelines, which makes the Working Capital Turnover Ratio an essential tool for financial management in this sector.

Cost in excess of billings (CEB), or underbilling, refers to a cost incurred by a subcontractor for work performed that has yet to be billed to the general contractor at any point in time. This is a somewhat common scenario that can arise when the cost of work expenses (labor, materials, subcontractors, etc.) hit before billings go out.

There are a few factors that can create this timing gap and lead to underbilling. These include:

• Progressive billing schedules: Many construction projects have billing schedules that are based on predefined milestones or stages of completion. However, costs are being incurred continuously as work progresses. This causes costs to build up ahead of invoices between billing cycles.
• Upfront and early-stage mobilization: Significant upfront costs go into things like materials, equipment, permitting, and mobilizing job sites before physical work even begins—especially for subcontractors. These costs typically accumulate before clients are billed.
• Pending change orders: Costs related to change orders often hit weeks or months before details are finalized and approved for billing. Diligently tracking pending change orders is crucial to ensure you ultimately collect on all revenue owed from approved changes.
• Project delays: In construction, delays are inevitable. If and when delays push out project milestones, billable events can slide further out from when the costs were incurred. These timeline gaps widen the difference between accrued expenses and billings-to-date.

CEB is reflected on financial statements as assets because it represents an unbilled receivable for revenues that will later come. Therefore, regularly monitoring CEB is critical to maintaining healthy business operations as it helps subcontractor accounting teams:

• Understand true project economics: CEB helps reveal the full profitability picture by linking incurred costs with unbilled receivables, which in turn supports more accurate revenue forecasting and job costing projections.
• Gain greater cash flow visibility: Because CEB tracking shows how much money is flowing out that’s tied up in work completed but not yet paid for, it helps them better plan and manage their cash for future expenses.
• Monitor project health: Unexpected CEB spikes could signal problems like cost overruns. Regularly comparing CEB status with the original budget is key to assessing a project’s overall health.
• Collect revenue in full: No one wants to work for free. Tracking CEB ensures that all pending receivables are ultimately invoiced and collected.
• Stay compliant: CEB reporting is required for percentage-of-completion revenue recognition, which is an important accounting standard for billing teams to adhere to.

Effective CEB oversight is much simpler with the right tools in place. With Siteline, you can easily track costs in excess of billings on each project to ensure no completed work goes unbilled. Siteline monitors all pending change orders through a project's lifespan, too, helping teams get approval quicker and convert unbilled work into invoiced revenue. If you're interested, schedule a personalized demo of Siteline here.

Outside financing, in the context of the construction industry, refers to the process of seeking funds from external sources to cover costs associated with building projects. These sources can be institutional lenders like banks, credit unions, insurance companies, or private sources such as private equity funds, venture capitalists, or individual investors. Construction firms can opt for outside financing when internal resources or profits aren't sufficient to meet the materials, labor, and equipment costs. Different types of outside financing for construction can include loans, lines of credit, or bonds. The specific financing option chosen often depends on factors such as the scale of the project, the creditworthiness of the construction firm, and the risk appetite of the prospective financer. Some loans could be short term, covering immediate costs, while others may be long term, planned for extensive projects. While outside financing can be a lifesaver, it's noteworthy that it adds to the project's overall cost due to the interest and fees charged by lenders. Thus, it should be optimally strategized in the project's financial planning phase.