What is Material Overhead?

Working capital, in the context of the construction industry, is a financial metric which represents the operating liquidity available to a business. It is essential for managing the day-to-day expenses that arise during construction projects. It is calculated by subtracting the current liabilities (what the firm owes within a year) from the current assets (what the firm owns or can quickly convert into cash within a year). These generally include accounts receivable, inventory, and cash on hand. A positive working capital is critically important in the construction industry as it suggests that the company has enough resources to complete current projects without needing additional financing. It also underscores the firm's financial stability in managing its short-term obligations while still growing its operations. Without ample working capital, construction companies may encounter challenges in purchasing materials, paying subcontractors or meeting other immediate expenses.

The percentage-of-completion method is an accounting method used in the construction industry to recognize revenue and expenses for long-term projects as they progress—rather than waiting until the project is completed. Under the POC method, a contractor or subcontractor estimates the total contract revenue, total contract costs, and the percentage of work completed during a specific accounting period.

Revenue is recognized based on the percentage of work completed multiplied by the total estimated contract revenue. Expenses are recognized based on the percentage of work completed multiplied by the total estimated contract costs. This method aims to provide a more accurate representation of a construction project's financial performance over its duration rather than recognizing all revenue and expenses at the end.

For subcontractors and their accounting teams, understanding the POC method is crucial for three reasons:

1. It directly impacts their revenue recognition and financial reporting, enabling them to assess profitability throughout project lifecycles. 
2. It affects their cash flow projections and management, as progress payments are typically tied to the POC. 
3. Understanding this method ensures compliance with accounting standards and regulations, minimizing the risk of audits or penalties.

Siteline supports the POC method, ensuring accurate financial reporting and cash flow management. With Siteline, you can:

• Generate custom pay applications using real-time POC calculations
• Integrate with general contractor (GC) payment portals to ensure timely and accurate submissions
• Gain real-time insights into project financials with intuitive dashboards
• Centralize all documentation for improved field-to-office collaboration

Book a demo today to discover how Siteline can enhance your accounting processes, strengthen your cash flow, and ultimately contribute to your company's financial success.

Cost in excess of billings (CEB), or underbilling, refers to a cost incurred by a subcontractor for work performed that has yet to be billed to the general contractor at any point in time. This is a somewhat common scenario that can arise when the cost of work expenses (labor, materials, subcontractors, etc.) hit before billings go out.

There are a few factors that can create this timing gap and lead to underbilling. These include:

• Progressive billing schedules: Many construction projects have billing schedules that are based on predefined milestones or stages of completion. However, costs are being incurred continuously as work progresses. This causes costs to build up ahead of invoices between billing cycles.
• Upfront and early-stage mobilization: Significant upfront costs go into things like materials, equipment, permitting, and mobilizing job sites before physical work even begins—especially for subcontractors. These costs typically accumulate before clients are billed.
• Pending change orders: Costs related to change orders often hit weeks or months before details are finalized and approved for billing. Diligently tracking pending change orders is crucial to ensure you ultimately collect on all revenue owed from approved changes.
• Project delays: In construction, delays are inevitable. If and when delays push out project milestones, billable events can slide further out from when the costs were incurred. These timeline gaps widen the difference between accrued expenses and billings-to-date.

CEB is reflected on financial statements as assets because it represents an unbilled receivable for revenues that will later come. Therefore, regularly monitoring CEB is critical to maintaining healthy business operations as it helps subcontractor accounting teams:

• Understand true project economics: CEB helps reveal the full profitability picture by linking incurred costs with unbilled receivables, which in turn supports more accurate revenue forecasting and job costing projections.
• Gain greater cash flow visibility: Because CEB tracking shows how much money is flowing out that’s tied up in work completed but not yet paid for, it helps them better plan and manage their cash for future expenses.
• Monitor project health: Unexpected CEB spikes could signal problems like cost overruns. Regularly comparing CEB status with the original budget is key to assessing a project’s overall health.
• Collect revenue in full: No one wants to work for free. Tracking CEB ensures that all pending receivables are ultimately invoiced and collected.
• Stay compliant: CEB reporting is required for percentage-of-completion revenue recognition, which is an important accounting standard for billing teams to adhere to.

Effective CEB oversight is much simpler with the right tools in place. With Siteline, you can easily track costs in excess of billings on each project to ensure no completed work goes unbilled. Siteline monitors all pending change orders through a project's lifespan, too, helping teams get approval quicker and convert unbilled work into invoiced revenue. If you're interested, schedule a personalized demo of Siteline here.