What is Subcontractor Default?

Fixed assets, also known as property, plant, and equipment (PPE), are long-term tangible assets owned by a business for the production, supply, or rental to customers. Within the construction industry, these assets are essential as they are not only used in day-to-day operations but are crucial for long-term business growth. They encompass a broad range of items such as buildings, heavy machinery, land, vehicles, and other tools or equipment. These assets are distinguished by their durability and are not to be sold throughout regular business operations. The value of fixed assets is reflected on the balance sheet and it decreases over time due to normal wear and tear, also known as depreciation. Real estate, construction equipment like cranes or bulldozers, and even software used for project planning are some examples of fixed assets in the construction industry. They are considered investments because their utilization helps to generate income.

Cost in excess of billings (CEB), or underbilling, refers to a cost incurred by a subcontractor for work performed that has yet to be billed to the general contractor at any point in time. This is a somewhat common scenario that can arise when the cost of work expenses (labor, materials, subcontractors, etc.) hit before billings go out.

There are a few factors that can create this timing gap and lead to underbilling. These include:

• Progressive billing schedules: Many construction projects have billing schedules that are based on predefined milestones or stages of completion. However, costs are being incurred continuously as work progresses. This causes costs to build up ahead of invoices between billing cycles.
• Upfront and early-stage mobilization: Significant upfront costs go into things like materials, equipment, permitting, and mobilizing job sites before physical work even begins—especially for subcontractors. These costs typically accumulate before clients are billed.
• Pending change orders: Costs related to change orders often hit weeks or months before details are finalized and approved for billing. Diligently tracking pending change orders is crucial to ensure you ultimately collect on all revenue owed from approved changes.
• Project delays: In construction, delays are inevitable. If and when delays push out project milestones, billable events can slide further out from when the costs were incurred. These timeline gaps widen the difference between accrued expenses and billings-to-date.

CEB is reflected on financial statements as assets because it represents an unbilled receivable for revenues that will later come. Therefore, regularly monitoring CEB is critical to maintaining healthy business operations as it helps subcontractor accounting teams:

• Understand true project economics: CEB helps reveal the full profitability picture by linking incurred costs with unbilled receivables, which in turn supports more accurate revenue forecasting and job costing projections.
• Gain greater cash flow visibility: Because CEB tracking shows how much money is flowing out that’s tied up in work completed but not yet paid for, it helps them better plan and manage their cash for future expenses.
• Monitor project health: Unexpected CEB spikes could signal problems like cost overruns. Regularly comparing CEB status with the original budget is key to assessing a project’s overall health.
• Collect revenue in full: No one wants to work for free. Tracking CEB ensures that all pending receivables are ultimately invoiced and collected.
• Stay compliant: CEB reporting is required for percentage-of-completion revenue recognition, which is an important accounting standard for billing teams to adhere to.

Effective CEB oversight is much simpler with the right tools in place. With Siteline, you can easily track costs in excess of billings on each project to ensure no completed work goes unbilled. Siteline monitors all pending change orders through a project's lifespan, too, helping teams get approval quicker and convert unbilled work into invoiced revenue. If you're interested, schedule a personalized demo of Siteline here.

A request for change order (RFC) is a formal document that subcontractors submit to general contractors when they encounter work that falls outside their original contract scope. Unlike the actual change order, which is the approved contract modification, an RFC is the preliminary request that kicks off the approval process. These requests typically include details about the additional work, justification for why it's necessary, cost estimates, and timeline impacts.

RFCs are critical for protecting subcontractors from performing unbillable work, but they need to be submitted quickly when field conditions change. The challenge is that field teams often discover the need for additional work while actively working on-site, but the documentation and approval process typically happens back in the office. This disconnect can create delays that either hold up project progress or pressure subcontractors to proceed with work before getting proper approval.

Siteline streamlines this process by bridging the gap between field and back office teams, making it easier to document scope changes as they happen and convert them into well-organized requests. See how Siteline can improve your RFC process—request a personalized demo here.