What is Working Capital?

Cost Plus Billing in the construction industry refers to a method where the customer agrees to cover the actual costs, expenses and other direct costs of the construction project plus an additional sum for contractor’s overhead and profit. These typically include costs of materials, labor, and subcontractor charges. The agreement clearly establishes and defines what is constituted as cost, the overhead percentage, and the profit percentage, reducing the risk of any surprise costs. Essentially, the 'Cost' represents the direct costs of the construction, while the 'Plus' is the contractor's fee and is usually agreed upon as a fixed percentage of the total costs or as a target price with a shared savings clause.

Accrual accounting is a method of accounting that records financial events based on occurrences rather than on cash flow. In the context of the construction industry, this could include recognizing revenues and expenses tied to a specific project when they are earned or incurred, not when the money is actually received or paid out.For example, if a construction company orders materials for a project, under accrual accounting, the expense is recorded as soon as the order is made, regardless of when the actual payment is made. Similarly, if a customer is billed for a completed phase of the project, the revenue will be recorded even if the cash hasn't been received yet. This type of accounting provides a more accurate picture of a construction company's financial health by aligning income and expenses to the appropriate fiscal periods. It enables firms to match revenues with the corresponding costs, delivering a holistic view of a project’s profitability. However, it can also complicate cash flow management as there may be a time lag between recorded revenue and actual cash receipt.

Long-term liabilities, also known as noncurrent liabilities, in the construction industry are obligations that are due more than a year from the current date. They are an important part of a company's financial structure and may include bonds payable, long-term loans, deferred tax liabilities, lease obligations, and pension obligations. For example, a construction company might have long-term liabilities in the form of a multi-year loan taken to acquire new heavy machinery or land for future projects. These liabilities have a significant impact on a company's liquidity and overall financial health, so it's critical that construction companies manage them effectively. Depending on how these are managed, they can influence a construction company's creditworthiness and its ability to secure future funding for expansion or for carrying out large projects. Hence, understanding long-term liabilities is vital for sustainability and growth in the construction industry.