Mechanic’s Lien Rights Requirements by State

What is a mechanic’s lien, and why are they effective?

A mechanic’s lien—often called a “construction lien” or “property lien”—is a legal claim for unpaid construction work on a private project (public projects cannot be liened). If you provided labor, materials, equipment, or certain services and didn’t get paid, a lien lets you assert a claim against that property for the amount you’re owed.

Liens are effective because they shift the power dynamic. Instead of chasing payment through endless emails (or eating the loss), a lien creates real issues for the owner and upstream parties: it clouds the property’s title, and it makes selling or refinancing the property, or even closing out the project itself, impossible until the payment dispute is settled. 

For subcontractors, that leverage is often the difference between “we’ll pay you soon” and actually getting paid.

Who can typically file a mechanic’s lien?

In most states, mechanic’s lien rights generally cover construction participants who contribute to a permanent improvement of real property—usually defined as work that adds lasting value. That often includes general contractors, subcontractors, lower-tier subcontractors, material suppliers, equipment lessors (in some cases), and laborers. 

Exact coverage varies by state, but the big idea is the same: if your work or materials improved the property, you may have lien rights.

How does a mechanic’s lien work?

Mechanic’s liens follow a pretty standard flow, even though the details change by state:

• Start-of-job notice (in some states): Some states require a preliminary notice early in the project to preserve your lien rights.
• Escalation step (in some states): Some states use a Notice of Intent or similar warning before a lien is filed.
• File the lien by the deadline: The filing window is strict and usually depends on a date like project completion, notice of completion, or your last day furnishing labor/materials.
• Enforce the lien by the deadline: Filing creates the claim; enforcing is the lawsuit/foreclosure step. If you don’t enforce in time, the lien can expire.

For a full walkthrough, our mechanic’s lien guide breaks down the process from start to finish.

What are the big things to remember about mechanic’s liens?

A few general rules apply almost everywhere:

• Know (and hit) the notice requirements. Some notices go out early, others come into play only if you intend to file a lien. Missing one can wipe out your lien rights, or severely limit them later when leverage actually matters.
• Understand what starts the clock. Some states calculate deadlines from overall project completion. Others use your last furnishing date (the last day you provided labor or materials). That difference matters.
• Watch out for deadline changes. In some states, owners can shorten filing or enforcement periods by recording or sending certain notices. If you don’t know to look for those, you can get surprised.
• A filed lien isn’t the finish line. Liens can expire. If filing doesn’t trigger payment, you need to enforce (foreclose) within a separate, state-specific time limit to keep your lien, and therefore your chances of getting paid, alive.
• Lien rights work best when they’re tracked from day one. Even if you never plan to file, understanding your situation upfront puts you in a stronger position if payment issues happen. Siteline helps contractors track lien requirements and deadlines in one place, so nothing slips through the cracks.

Below, you’ll find the correct lien filing and enforcement deadlines for each state, as well as other key lien rights regulatory details.